How do animals breathe? The Respiration Process

Animal respiration

We breathe through the nose. What gas do we inhale and exhale during respiration? Animals and plants take in oxygen from the air and emit carbon dioxide. This process continues throughout their lives. However, in the case of animals and plants, the process of taking in and eliminating gas is of a different nature. Plants take in oxygen through a type of pore called stomata located in the leaves. The exchange of gas in the body of lower and upper class animals takes place through different types of organs. Such as gills, lungs. The organs that take part in the process of respiration are collectively called the respiratory system. The human respiratory system consists of the following organs:

1. Nostrils and nasal passages

2. NASA throat

3. The larynx

4. Trachea or trachea

5. Klom branch

6. Lungs

7. Medium veil

1. Nasal canal and nasopharynx: A triangular cavity located above the nasal cavity. It extends from the nostrils in the front to the pharynx in the back. It is divided into two parts by a thin screen. The front is covered with hairs and the back is covered with a membrane. The air we breathe through our nose is called breathing. If there is dust and pathogens in the air, it gets stuck in the hairs and membranes.

2. NASA pharynx: NASA pharynx is the last part of nasal passage which merges with pharynx. Air enters the trachea through the throat.

3. Larynx: The larynx is located at the junction of throat and trachea. The larynx contains the vocal cords or vocal cords. That is why it is called larynx. There is a lid on the mouth of the vocal cords. It covers the larynx when ingesting food, so that when food cannot enter it, it opens again during respiration.

4. Trachea: The trachea extending from the larynx in front of the esophagus to the bronchial branch is called the trachea. Air enters the lungs through the airways.

5. Clom branch or bronchi: The trachea comes to the lungs and divides into right and left branches and enters the right and left lungs respectively. These are called right and left bronchial branches or bronchi (Bronchus in one word). After entering the lungs, these two branches divide into innumerable branches. These are called bronchioles. The structure of the bronchi is like a trachea.

* Lungs: Inside the thoracic cavity are two lungs located on either side of the heart. It is soft and supple like a sponge. The lung on the right is slightly larger than the lung on the left. The lungs are covered by a membrane or membrane called two fold folds. There is a kind of lubricant between the two folds. As a result, there is no friction between the lungs and the chest during breathing. The bronchus enters the lungs on either side and divides into numerous branches. These tiny bronchioles enter the air sac. Each air sac is made up of thin epithelial cells. These cells are surrounded by capillaries. When air enters the cells, they swell like balloons and then shrink automatically. The walls of both the air sac and the capillary lattice are so thin that air can easily pass through them.

* Diaphragm: The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity is called the diaphragm. It looks a lot like an extended umbrella. When the diaphragm is compressed, it goes downwards. Then the size of the thoracic cavity increases. Again when it expands it rises upwards and the thoracic cavity contracts. Regulates respiratory and respiratory function by extending the diaphragm contraction.

Respiratory system

We inhale and exhale again. This is what we usually call respiration. Our idea is wrong. Our chests continue to contract and expand like hoppers. This reduces the volume of the lungs. The lungs continue to contract and expand, releasing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. This process of taking in oxygen continuously and releasing carbon dioxide is known as respiration. It is a step of respiration. The process of respiration is divided into two parts, namely- 1. Exhalation and II. Inhalation.

1. Exhalation: The process by which gaseous exchange takes place in the lungs is called exhalation. At this stage, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the blood vessels or capillaries. Exhalation is done in two stages. E.g.

(i) Breathing or breathing: The oxygenated air we receive from the environment is called breathing. During breathing, the muscles between the diaphragm and the thoracic spine contract.

(ii) Breathing: The breathing phase starts immediately after breathing. At this stage the muscles of the diaphragm and skeletal muscle relax and expand, and the lungs become smaller and smaller in size. As a result, the air inside the air sac, carbon dioxide gas is transported from the lungs through the bronchi and trachea and exits through the nostrils.

2. Inhalation: In the process of inhalation, the food in the body cells is oxidized with the help of oxygen and converted into kinetic energy and heat energy. The oxygen that enters the blood from the lungs is carried through the blood to the distal capillaries of the body. It penetrates the capillaries and enters the cell through the intracellular sap. It then generates energy by chemically reacting with the food inside the cell. This produces heat energy and carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is carried by the blood back to the lungs.